#1
Following on from fascism chat in settlers thread maybe we should talk about fascism (again?).

Reasons to talk about fascism:
1. its bad
2. fascists hate marxists (you)
3. {insert later}

the comintern definition of fascism about how its just capitalism but worse:
“Fascism is the open, terroristic dictatorship of the most reactionary, most chauvinist and most imperialist elements of finance capital.”
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/dimitrov/works/1935/08_02.htm

BUT (counterpoint) if that definition is actually the case then, as George Jackson and others have realised, lit every imperialist nation is fascist - they are open and terroristic in their actions against people across the globe, they just tend to leave the white ones alone (4 now).

So if that definition is insufficient, not completely wrong but kinda weak, wtf is fascism?

well, its obviously tied to the labor aristocracy as Sakai, Cope and loads of others have highlighted e.g.:

MIM posted:

This is correct because fascism can only occur in imperialist countries. It is not correct if Dimitrov meant to deny the agency and independent interests of the labor aristocracy. The labor aristocracy in the oppressed nations is pro-Liberal in its outlook and seeks to grow by hooking a ride with the Western imperialists with cushy jobs in multinational corporations. The labor aristocracy in the declining imperialist countries heads inevitably to fascism to provoke a change in imperialist treatment of migrant workers.


https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/etext/wim/cong/fascismcong2005.html

at this point I've got bored of writing so I'm gonna hand this over to other people:

Zak Cope, divided world, divided class p.294-299 posted:

{Fascism} offers higher wages and living standards to the national workforce at the expense of foreign and colonised workers. As such, denunciations of “unproductive” and “usurers” capital, of “bour­ geois” nations (that is, the dominant imperialist nations) and of the workers’ betrayal by reformist “socialism” are part and parcel of the fascist appeal.

{...}

The degree of core-nation workers’ exposure to la bour market risks and their possession of socioeconomic resources is directly related to their location, not at the bottom of the occu­ pational hierarchy but, at the level of the global economy, right at its top. As such, the political intent to oppress, disenfranchise and exclude “non-white”, non-Christian people from state boundar­ ies is not simply based on actual or potential competition over jobs. Rather, it is an expression of “working-class” support for an impe­ rialist system that more and more openly subjects nations in order to monopolise their natural resources and capital.

{...}

By putting the distinctly fascist tendency of metropolitan labour down to false class consciousness or political naivete, Western so­cialists pander to a reactionary constituency. Indeed, not only does Euro-socialism fail to oppose imperialism, it regularly espouses pro­ imperialist and racist sentiments in its efforts to actively recruit the labour aristocracy to its cause.


https://www.prisoncensorship.info/archive/books/Economics/DividedWorldDividedClass_ZakCope.pdf


Georges Sorel, Reflections on Violence, p79-80 posted:

Thus proletarian violence has become an essential factor in Marx- ism. Let us add once more that, if properly conducted, it will have the result of suppressing parliamentary socialism, which will no longer be able to pose as the leader of the working classes and as the guardian of order.

{...}

The Marxist theory of revolution assumes that capitalism will be struck to the heart while it is still full of vitality, when it achieves its historical mission of complete industrial efficiency and whilst the economy is still advancing. Marx does not seem to have asked himself what would happen if the economic system was declining; he never dreamt of the possibility of a revolution which would take a return to the past, or even social conservation, as its ideal.

{...}

today we see considerable forces grouped together in the endeavour of reforming the capitalist economy, with the aid of laws, in a medieval direction

{...}

Marx likened the movement from one historical era to another to a civil inheritance: the new age inherits prior acquisitions. If the revolution took place during a period of economic decadence, would not the inheritance be very much compromised and could there be any hope of seeing the speedy reappearance of economic progress? The ideologists hardly concern themselves with this question: they are sure that the decadence will stop on the day that the public Treasury is at their disposal; they are dazzled by the immense reserve of riches which would be delivered up to their pillage; what banquets there would be, what loose women and what opportunities for self-display! We, on the other hand, who have no such prospect before our eyes, have to ask whether history can furnish us with any guidance on this subject that will enable us to conjecture what would be the result of a revolution accomplished in times of decadence.


https://libcom.org/files/Robert%20O.%20Paxton-The%20Anatomy%20of%20Fascism%20%20-Knopf%20(2004).pdf

So is fascism an attempt by the labour aristocracy to take state power away from the bourgeoisie when the super-bribes begin to run out so that they can be the ruling class - unlike the useless "left" in the core which just demands a slightly larger proportion of the spoils of imperialism fascists want all of the super-profits for themselves - or what?

Hopefully this thread will help posters to work out what the hell fascism is

#2
That class analysis of fascism is really useful in understanding its current rise, in both blatant modern fascist parties like Traditionalist Workers and the EDL, and the slightly subtler upsets in western mainstream politics (Trump, many Brexit supporters, cannibalistic EU finance, etc.)

Culturally, I found the analysis of historical fascism in the first half of The Silicon Ideology quite useful in explaining the actual characteristics of fascism to people whose education ended with vague "Fascism bad, because it's Not Freedom" in high school civics (the exact same treatment that Communism gets.) The brevity of the text also helps its use for popular education. The latter half's summary of the contemporary cultural currents flowing together to form a new embryonic fascist ethos is good at illustrating connections for people who have been paying attention to these fields, and certainly jibes with the theory of "disenfranchised labour aristocracy." It is however quite focused on a fairly specific cross section of garbage nerds and I'm not sure of its persuasive power for people who aren't already familiar with that culture.

It's been posted around here before, but here it is again: https://archive.org/details/the-silicon-ideology
#3
its romantic, militaristic, and usually revanchist reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism because there are threats to the bourgeoisie state which liberalism is perceived as not being equipped to defeat.

i think the attempt many here make to take out those first three adjectives and analyze it under a purely class-relations standpoint is wrongheaded, both because the entire point of fascism is to promote artificial conflicts and/or non-material considerations in order to unite people across class lines and because that kind of analysis leads you to call bernie sanders fascist which means the definition is too broad to remain useful.

but i would say that, as i remain, sadly and lamentably, a liberal.
#4
any definition of fascism that doesn't mention nationalism is worthless
#5

thirdplace posted:

i think the attempt many here make to take out those first three adjectives and analyze it under a purely class-relations standpoint is wrongheaded, both because the entire point of fascism is to promote artificial conflicts and/or non-material considerations in order to unite people across class lines and because that kind of analysis leads you to call bernie sanders fascist which means the definition is too broad to remain useful.



I don't think anyone here is trying to eliminate all other understandings, it's just important to also acknowledge and analyze the class based material pressures behind fascism. The "romantic, militaristic, and usually revanchist reactionary ideology" is certainly very real and worth addressing, but this component is already grudgingly acknowledged by mainstream liberalism, its failures to resist fascism come from the fact that liberalism is Not Marxist And Erases Class. We need to talk about the class character of fascism because class is deliberately swept under the rug by contemporary politics, and so class typically becomes the primary blind spot in our understanding.

#6
that's a fair point. also, i like the thing you posted and have only minor disagreements with the definition they finally settled on
#7

thirdplace posted:

its romantic, militaristic, and usually revanchist reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism because there are threats to the bourgeoisie state which liberalism is perceived as not being equipped to defeat.



This is what im trying to address here...we see a rise in as u say reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism, and yet *looking around wildly* where are the threats to the bourgioise state that it is not equiped to defeat that are aparently ment to be the trigger for the booj turning to fascism?

#8
i compiled a reading list on fascism and i kinda kidded myself into thinking i'd plow through it, but i keep forgetting i have other shit going on in my life and i'm a slow reader to boot

anyway, here it is, if it's of any use to anyone (i've bolded titles that i've either read, started reading or browsed/skimmed a bit and like)

Fascism reading list (WIP):

Banaji - Fascism: essays etc; The Political Culture of Fascism; Trajectories of Fascism (useful thoughts on indian fascism)
Beetham - Marxists in Face of Fascism
Benjamin - Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction; Theories of German Fascism
Blumenthal - Goliath (probably fits)
Bologna - Nazism and the working class; Class composition and the Theory of the Party at the Origin of the Workers Councils Movement
Cope - Divided World, Divided Class
Dauvé - Fascism / Anti-fascism
De Ambris & Marinetti - The Manifesto of the Italian Fasci of Combat
Dutt - Fascism and Social Revolution (heard good things about this one)
Dimitrov - The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International in the Struggle of the Working Class against Fascism; Unity of the Working Class against Fascism
Eco - Eternal Fascism
Edwards - Labor Aristocracy: Mass Base of Social Democracy
Emilio Gentile - The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy
Giuseppe Gentile/Mussolini - The Doctrine of Fascism
Gluckstein - The Nazis, Capitalism and the Working Class
Griffin - The Nature of Fascism; A Fascist Century; Modernism and Fascism
Hitler - kampf lol
Kitsikis - Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the origins of french fascism; the third ideology(?)
Landa - The Apprentice's Sorcerer
Lehmann - The Economic, Political and Social Origins of Fascism
Marcuse - Technology, war and fascism
Merson - the nazis and monopoly capital
Nolte - Three faces of fascism
Panunzio - La meta del fascismo
Passmore - Fascism: A Very Short Introduction
Paxton - The Anatomy of Fascism (liberal but some useful research)
Payne - Fascism: Comparison and Definition; A History of Fascism
Poulantzas - Fascism and Dictatorship
Reich - The Mass Psychology of Fascism
Renton - Fascism: Theory and Practice
Rosenberg - Fascism as a Mass Movement
Sakai - The Shock of Recognition
Sohn-Rethel - The Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism
Theweleit - Male Fantasies
Trotsky - Fascism: What it is and how to fight it; The Rise of German Fascism
Weiss - The Fascist Tradition: Radical Right-Wing Extremism in Modern Europe
Wolfreys - What is fascism
(Encyclopedia of Marxism def.)


fwiw Renton's account is useful because it's an attempt to synthesize various Marxist takes on fascism over the last century, which is basically what I was thinking I would do. he broadly classifies them into the categories of "left" (it's primarily about finance capital), "right" (it's a mass movement of the petit bourgeoisie) and "dialectical" (it's both of those things, complete with the internal contradictions one would expect from these two central motive forces), and as you probably guessed he seems to come down in favor of the third

Landa's, i'm only a chapter in, but it seems incredibly promising, as he's tying fascism to liberalism at basically an atomic level, and he's already cited both Renton and Domenico Losurdo(!). the title is a reference to Fantasia; liberalism is the "apprentice" whose contradictions run wild (especially between the class orientation of economic liberalism and the inclusiveness of, or at least espoused by, political liberalism) until there's too many damn brooms and the sorcerer of fascism needs to rear up to assert order. that's all i can say so far but i'm definitely gonna follow through on this one.

also here's a short review of the Theweleit books that sums up the thesis very well: http://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/21/books/the-women-they-feared.html. very interesting take on freikorp patriarchal mythos. seems to invite comparison to Kristeva's notion of abjection

edit: added Zak Cope and H.W. Edwards, which i forgot because it's not the primary focus of their books

ed2: and Sakai apropos of this thread and the discussion in the settlers thread

Edited by Constantignoble ()

#9

tears posted:

*looking around wildly* where are the threats to the bourgioise state that it is not equiped to defeat that are aparently ment to be the trigger for the booj turning to fascism?

the holocene is one

#10
[account deactivated]
#11
imo western governments are more interested in courting Iran as one of the few nation-states projected to have a significant growth in their proportion of GDP from labor in the next 50 years, specifically skilled/educated labor following from their relatively advanced state of development. i believe that because those mid- to high-level officials generally get their ideas from reports by interns skimming forecasts from business think tanks and that's what those forecasts have been saying recently.
#12

tears posted:

thirdplace posted:
its romantic, militaristic, and usually revanchist reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism because there are threats to the bourgeoisie state which liberalism is perceived as not being equipped to defeat.


This is what im trying to address here...we see a rise in as u say reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism, and yet *looking around wildly* where are the threats to the bourgioise state that it is not equiped to defeat that are aparently ment to be the trigger for the booj turning to fascism?



for fascists in the 20's and 30's, it was a combination of 1) the existence USSR and the various local communist and social democratic parties and 2) the crash of '29 and the resulting Depression

for today's fascists, it's 1) the 2008 crash and the resulting Recession and 2) the rise of various left-liberal groups like Occupy, Syriza, Corbyn heading Labour, Bernie Sander's surprising success, etc.

like... it's easy to be a hardline Marxist-Leninist and scoff at those things as being any kind of actual threat to the bourgeois (believe me, i know!). but the point isn't whether they ACTUALLY are, but whether they're PERCEIVED to be threats. and in an era where the USSR is gone and "the end of history" was supposed to occur around '91 or thereabouts, any talks about inequality and wealth distribution, however tame, are going to be seen as a threat by an order that was used to operating completely unopposed

a lot of what was posted in this thread is good, the only thing that i would add is that liberals (in general) tend to deny the existence of class struggle. fascists are not unaware of class struggle, but they tend to see it a) in Social Darwinist terms and b) as something that can be overcome not through elimination of classes altogether, but by uniting the classes and turning the struggle outwards. since this is a world of nation-states, this usually takes the form of international warfare, but it's not difficult to imagine it assuming other forms

#13

shapes posted:

for today's fascists, it's 1) the 2008 crash and the resulting Recession and 2) the rise of various left-liberal groups like Occupy, Syriza, Corbyn heading Labour, Bernie Sander's surprising success, etc.

like... it's easy to be a hardline Marxist-Leninist and scoff at those things as being any kind of actual threat to the bourgeois



i don't know any MLs who would do that though

#14

swampman posted:

tears posted:

*looking around wildly* where are the threats to the bourgioise state that it is not equiped to defeat that are aparently ment to be the trigger for the booj turning to fascism?

the holocene is one



If it was as simple as that then the expectation would be that we would be seing fascism arise in non core states as well, as those in the core are actually the most well equiped to mitigate holocene related problems... but this is not the case.

Imo there is an interesting discussion to be had here about how climate change denial is an almost exclusivly core nation phenomenon which is simultaniously promoted and financed by sections of capital but also rabidly anti sectikns of the ruling class...almost like... fascism


Also i think its important to say that theres this undercuŕrent liberal tendency to assume that if its not fascism its not that bad and that attempts to say that something isnt fascist is somehow downplaying how bad something is. As i think bhpm touched on in the settlers thread sertlerism, imperialism, fascism are different things, this doesnt detract from how bad something is just because u apply a specific definition of fascism rather than a catch all useage.

Edited by tears ()

#15
With evrry serious post i come 1 step closer to being owned off the forum again, really got to stop this
#16

tears posted:

If it was as simple as that then the expectation would be that we would be seing fascism arise in non core states as well, as those in the core are actually the most well equiped to mitigate holocene related problems... but this is not the case.

Imo there is an interesting discussion to be had here about how climate change denial is an almost exclusivly core nation phenomenon which is simultaniously promoted and financed by sections of capital but also rabidly anti sectikns of the ruling class...almost like... fascism

"threats to the bourgeois state" aren't like, direct moose attacks on bourgeois people, but rather, the threat of losing class status, the threat to global supply chains, and the threat to the massive reserve of foreign labor.* Holocene-denial is only possible because huge numbers of Americans are completely disconnected from the land. But even if denial got so bad that we banned thermometers, it would still be obvious that the works are gumming up with dead foreign slaves and mud floods at a rate that may cause the rate of profit to tend to fall...

*(How to achieve mass asceticism instead of fascism Please answer in 100000 words or more)

#17

tears posted:

thirdplace posted:

its romantic, militaristic, and usually revanchist reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism because there are threats to the bourgeoisie state which liberalism is perceived as not being equipped to defeat.

This is what im trying to address here...we see a rise in as u say reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism, and yet *looking around wildly* where are the threats to the bourgioise state that it is not equiped to defeat that are aparently ment to be the trigger for the booj turning to fascism?





the unipolar world wont continue if france and germany and russia and china keep standing up and advancing perpendicular goals. its arguably been over since the second iraq war and the need to build the 'coalition of the willing'.

#18

Urbandale posted:

tears posted:

This is what im trying to address here...we see a rise in as u say reactionary ideology that rejects liberalism, and yet *looking around wildly* where are the threats to the bourgioise state that it is not equiped to defeat that are aparently ment to be the trigger for the booj turning to fascism?



the unipolar world wont continue if france and germany and russia and china keep standing up and advancing perpendicular goals. its arguably been over since the second iraq war and the need to build the 'coalition of the willing'.



But how does that explain the acually emerging fascist forces in france, germany and the rest of europe that are currently burning down refugee centres? Imo we will see the emergence of new fascist states in europe in reaction to the effect the large influx of refugees fleeing both imperialist wars and the global wage prison, as the booj will have access to a large new pool of labour undermining the cushy positions of the european labour aristocracy causing them to revolt in a degenerate fashion to size imperialist power for themselves. The influx of refugees isnt undermining capitalism in europe, infact it provides a large new force of exploitable labour in the core to undercut the labour aristocracy and reinvigorate capitalism boosting rate of profit in the core. Its the labour aristocracy that is threatened in europe, not the ruling class... really atm it is a crapshoot whether the bourgioisie od europe bow to the wishes of the LA promising to protect them at the expense of periphery (doubling down on authoritarian imperialism), or if the LA takes this into their own hands (fascism), or possibly the core bourgiousie will be successful in destroying their own labour aristocracy in order to combat the declining rate of profit (somwthing new?)

#19
iirc the majority of the refugees were stopped in the brussels-designated backcountry of eastern and southern european empire, places people were already trying to flee due to high unemployment and government austerity
#20

tears posted:

If it was as simple as that then the expectation would be that we would be seing fascism arise in non core states as well, as those in the core are actually the most well equiped to mitigate holocene related problems... but this is not the case.



there are plenty of fascists in the periphery. ukraine and russia, the philippines, even brazil:

http://www.ft.com/content/f9ee01ca-ce49-11e6-864f-20dcb35cede2

(kudos to badgamer user gaule for having a subscription to the FT so we don't have to)

When Brazilian police investigator Paulo César Jardim launched a series of raids on the homes of alleged neo-Nazis in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, he unveiled a bizarre plot.

The country’s simmering neo-Nazi movement, with its secret world of swastikas, hate propaganda and street violence, was being recruited by rightwing extremists in Ukraine to fight against pro-Russian rebels in the European country’s civil war.

Ukraine’s Misanthropic Division, an extreme right group aligned with the Azov Battalion, an ultranationalist paramilitary group aligned with Kiev, was behind the recruitment drive, Mr Jardim, Brazil’s foremost neo-Nazi hunter, alleged.

One person was detained along with 47 9mm pistol shells in the December raids. He was later released. Police were still investigating whether any Brazilians had already joined the fighting in Ukraine, he said, declining to elaborate further on the probe. A spokesman for the Azov Battalion — now incorporated into the National Guard — said no Brazilians had fought for it.

“We became aware that someone had come from Europe . . . an Italian . . . had come to Brazil to recruit people for Ukraine,” Mr Jardim told the FT.

The revelation, if proven, that Brazil’s underground ultranationalist movements are seeking combat experience overseas is a worrying development in a phenomenon that has shocked a country that considers itself a racial melting pot.

The rise of neo-Nazis in Brazil has challenged a popular myth that racism, at least the overt variety on display in the US and other western countries, does not exist there. With more than half the population claiming at least some African heritage, Brazilians pride themselves on the relaxed relations between the country’s different racial groups. But there has been a steady stream of attacks in recent years. Just last year, neo-Nazis attacked a punk band that championed gay and equal rights with knives and tomahawks.

While the far-right is still regarded as the fringe of politics in a country that freed itself from two decades of military dictatorship only in the mid-1980s, ultra-conservative politicians and their supporters are keen to fill a political vacuum that has developed after the August impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff, analysts say.

Jair Bolsonaro, a far-right congressman and former Brazilian army captain, grabbed headlines last year for praising a known torturer from the dictatorship era. Also last year, a group of ultraconservatives invaded Congress and unveiled banners calling for the return of military rule.

Mr Bolsonaro has denied he is a neo-Nazi but critics accuse him of sharing many of the movement’s views, such as racism and intolerance.

“I never imagined that could be possible in Brazil because this is the country of football, the country of carnival . . . we are a happy people,” Mr Jardim said.

The stronghold of neo-Nazism in Brazil is the country’s south and south-east, from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, the regions that received the bulk of Brazil’s German, Italian and Polish immigrants.

While South America was also known for receiving Nazis fleeing from the defeat of Hitler’s Germany in the second world war, the neo-Nazi movements are unrelated to these individuals and mostly grew out of hate sites on the internet, experts say.

Brazil, with a population of 200m, has 150,000 “sympathisers” involved in neo-Nazi movements, according to a paper by anthropologist Andriana Dias of Unicamp, a university.

“The violence expressed by these groups, whether in physical attacks on blacks, Jews or homosexuals, or the dissemination of their hate literature . . . has in recent years demanded a lot of work . . . in terms of investigation and convictions,” she wrote.

One of the landmark cases occurred in Porto Alegre in 2005 on the 60th anniversary of the end of the Holocaust when a group of neo-Nazis armed with knives attacked Jews commemorating the event, seriously injuring several of their victims.

In more recent cases, skinheads have targeted gays on Avenida Paulista, the main thoroughfare in São Paulo. In 2011, three skinheads were convicted for trying to kill four people, including a black person with a prosthetic limb, with clubs and knives.

Since the 2005 attack in Porto Alegre, police in Rio Grande do Sul had adopted a more preventive approach, arresting and questioning suspects before they could hatch their plots, Mr Jardim said. There had been up to 50 indictments over the past 15 years, he added.

This was the approach used in the Ukraine investigation — called Operation Azov after the alleged involvement of the eastern European paramilitary group.

Mr Jardim said that when he brought suspects in for questioning, as he did during Operation Azov, he often tried to convince them that their creed was out of place in a country whose heroes included World Cup footballers Ronaldinho, Ronaldo and Romário — all of them black. But they rarely changed their minds.

“These are not common criminals or robbers, they have an ideology. They are people who believe in ethnic cleansing, in racial purity,” he said.

#21
Good discussion so far. I don't have anything to add yet that i didn't say in the other thread, what I'm interested in atm is rethinking all the "orthodox" communist positions of the interwar period and revitalizing them against the "self-evident" criticisms that they allowed fascism to rise or whatever. Not because everything Stalin said is right (even though that's true) but I think the critiques were originally made in bad faith.

Like that communists opposed involvement in the war until nazi germany invaded the ussr is supposed to show their opportunism and blindness to how particularly bad fascism is or whatever. Not even getting into the historical revisionism which comes with this critique, I think that was the correct position. Would decolonization have happened if the ussr had not been one of the victors? Would nazi germany have even been defeated if the ussr wasn't involved or would it have been subordinated to the new american empire like the German empire was and later japan was? Demystifying fascism as the big bad actually allows us to think about Lenin's policy towards the first world war compared to Stalin's policy towards the second without being like "Stalin was actually Hitler! lol" or being hoodwinked and thinking there was some fundamental evil to Hitler's Germany that was lacking in the Kaiser's.
#22
here's my working definition of fascism: they can't fuck.
#23

Panopticon posted:

tears posted:
If it was as simple as that then the expectation would be that we would be seing fascism arise in non core states as well, as those in the core are actually the most well equiped to mitigate holocene related problems... but this is not the case.


there are plenty of fascists in the periphery. ukraine and russia, the philippines, even brazil:

http://www.ft.com/content/f9ee01ca-ce49-11e6-864f-20dcb35cede2

(kudos to badgamer user gaule for having a subscription to the FT so we don't have to)

When Brazilian police investigator Paulo César Jardim launched a series of raids on the homes of alleged neo-Nazis in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, he unveiled a bizarre plot.

The country’s simmering neo-Nazi movement, with its secret world of swastikas, hate propaganda and street violence, was being recruited by rightwing extremists in Ukraine to fight against pro-Russian rebels in the European country’s civil war.

Ukraine’s Misanthropic Division, an extreme right group aligned with the Azov Battalion, an ultranationalist paramilitary group aligned with Kiev, was behind the recruitment drive, Mr Jardim, Brazil’s foremost neo-Nazi hunter, alleged.

One person was detained along with 47 9mm pistol shells in the December raids. He was later released. Police were still investigating whether any Brazilians had already joined the fighting in Ukraine, he said, declining to elaborate further on the probe. A spokesman for the Azov Battalion — now incorporated into the National Guard — said no Brazilians had fought for it.

“We became aware that someone had come from Europe . . . an Italian . . . had come to Brazil to recruit people for Ukraine,” Mr Jardim told the FT.

The revelation, if proven, that Brazil’s underground ultranationalist movements are seeking combat experience overseas is a worrying development in a phenomenon that has shocked a country that considers itself a racial melting pot.

The rise of neo-Nazis in Brazil has challenged a popular myth that racism, at least the overt variety on display in the US and other western countries, does not exist there. With more than half the population claiming at least some African heritage, Brazilians pride themselves on the relaxed relations between the country’s different racial groups. But there has been a steady stream of attacks in recent years. Just last year, neo-Nazis attacked a punk band that championed gay and equal rights with knives and tomahawks.

While the far-right is still regarded as the fringe of politics in a country that freed itself from two decades of military dictatorship only in the mid-1980s, ultra-conservative politicians and their supporters are keen to fill a political vacuum that has developed after the August impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff, analysts say.

Jair Bolsonaro, a far-right congressman and former Brazilian army captain, grabbed headlines last year for praising a known torturer from the dictatorship era. Also last year, a group of ultraconservatives invaded Congress and unveiled banners calling for the return of military rule.

Mr Bolsonaro has denied he is a neo-Nazi but critics accuse him of sharing many of the movement’s views, such as racism and intolerance.

“I never imagined that could be possible in Brazil because this is the country of football, the country of carnival . . . we are a happy people,” Mr Jardim said.

The stronghold of neo-Nazism in Brazil is the country’s south and south-east, from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, the regions that received the bulk of Brazil’s German, Italian and Polish immigrants.

While South America was also known for receiving Nazis fleeing from the defeat of Hitler’s Germany in the second world war, the neo-Nazi movements are unrelated to these individuals and mostly grew out of hate sites on the internet, experts say.

Brazil, with a population of 200m, has 150,000 “sympathisers” involved in neo-Nazi movements, according to a paper by anthropologist Andriana Dias of Unicamp, a university.

“The violence expressed by these groups, whether in physical attacks on blacks, Jews or homosexuals, or the dissemination of their hate literature . . . has in recent years demanded a lot of work . . . in terms of investigation and convictions,” she wrote.

One of the landmark cases occurred in Porto Alegre in 2005 on the 60th anniversary of the end of the Holocaust when a group of neo-Nazis armed with knives attacked Jews commemorating the event, seriously injuring several of their victims.

In more recent cases, skinheads have targeted gays on Avenida Paulista, the main thoroughfare in São Paulo. In 2011, three skinheads were convicted for trying to kill four people, including a black person with a prosthetic limb, with clubs and knives.

Since the 2005 attack in Porto Alegre, police in Rio Grande do Sul had adopted a more preventive approach, arresting and questioning suspects before they could hatch their plots, Mr Jardim said. There had been up to 50 indictments over the past 15 years, he added.

This was the approach used in the Ukraine investigation — called Operation Azov after the alleged involvement of the eastern European paramilitary group.

Mr Jardim said that when he brought suspects in for questioning, as he did during Operation Azov, he often tried to convince them that their creed was out of place in a country whose heroes included World Cup footballers Ronaldinho, Ronaldo and Romário — all of them black. But they rarely changed their minds.

“These are not common criminals or robbers, they have an ideology. They are people who believe in ethnic cleansing, in racial purity,” he said.



Brazilian fascism is way more ancient than those assholes waving swastika flags in the Southern states. Integralism was one of the first movements to appear aping Mussolini and Hitler's shit but they got brutally crushed by A: Brazilian Anarchist, Trotskyste and Marxist-Leninist parties quickly forming an Antifascist coalition and beating the shit out of them whenever they rallied (https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/brazil/brazil01.htm#f28) and B: Vargas, who was a more traditional latin american authoritarian dictator who was sympathetic to the Axis and Fascism (and stole Mussolini's Labour Chart of 1927), was bribed by the US with infrastructure deals and the threat of regime change and decided to destroy Integralism with the same effort he used to crush leftist parties.

#24
Constantignoble you should consider adding to your list books by A. James Gregor such as Mussolini's Intellectuals and Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism. i am unaware of what the current meta is here on these forums, but i thought these works were well-argued and added a lot to my understanding of this concept. your mileage, of course, may vary.
#25
Also Palmiro Togliatti Lectures on Fascism
#26
my personal opinion is that while it's certainly important to study fascism as a historically-situated formation -- e.g. to draw the lessons from our study of it that remain relevant to the present situation under late capitalism -- it is not uniquely important, and we should take a far more dialectical approach to analyzing the present than to become overly invested in the notion that fascism is some a priori metaphysical category that is transcendently useful for analyzing our current world system. in particular, this seems to risk an over-emphasis on the importance of the bourgeois nation-state as a unit of analysis.
#27
that's probably right, but: whither our sick burns?
#28
Which of the following events should I visit tomorrow to see if liberals are adequately prepared to stop fascism
http://gothamist.com/2017/01/19/trump_protest_party_nyc.php
#29
they all look like complete shit, but if I had to pick seriously I'd say the one with the $2 beers and a raffle where the prize is alcohol
#30
Stop panicking and focus on what can be done. For example, we have Congressional elections in 2018, and it is never too early to get involved and make an impact. Democratic organizers Benjamin Yee and Al Benninghoff, who've cut their teeth on plenty of elections both in New York State and around the country will be at Union Hall to let you in on how to make it in America(n political campaigns). And then after all the lessons, there's free karaoke! $5,
#31
your favorite liberal celebs like Michael Moore, Mark Ruffalo and Alec Baldwin, your favorite liberal mayor overseeing dangerous and unacceptable bottle conditions in New York City Bill de Blasio, and a host of other anti-Trump marchers will be in Columbus Circle on Thursday. The purpose of the rally is multifaceted, from standing up for the Affordable Care Act and contraceptive rights to standing against racial discrimination and income inequality. Plus, with the mayor and celebs there, what are the odds that the police run wild on this one?
#32

Beyond Patience and Fortitude. Patience is nice, but civic action is better. Or at least that's the attitude of this aptly named event which aims to educate and empower you. Get hands on at a button making station so you can make a "Civic New Yorker" button...Also, fill your your eyeholes with William Santen's 16mm remix of Obama's first inauguration.


And we have a winner.

#33
https://www.akpress.org/confronting-fascism-e-book.html free today
#34
from the YEAR ZERO thread:

babyhueypnewton posted:

Liberals have seriously lost their goddamn minds. No material analysis of fascism + media telling you trump is a fascist for a year straight = we're about a week from the holocaust. I'm not even saying Trump isn't fascist, rather liberals don't have a clue what that means and think they'll be the victims instead of the passive collaborators.



I've been reading Labor Aristocracy, Mass Base of Social Democracy and the above remark has inspired me to share a couple of long passages, as I think I undersold the extent to which the book considers the question of fascism. The first is from chapter 2, mostly a detailed definition of social democracy (all bolding mine)

In 1914, the Second International, then comprising all Socialist Parties whether "right" or "left", split over whether or not to support "one's own" bourgeoisie in "the war to end war". Those who stayed with the Second International turned nationalist and chauvinist, indulging in an orgy of "patriotism". Typically, the "patriots" wound up at war's end vastly improved in their material conditions. After the formation of the Third International, those who practiced "proletarian internationalism" began calling themselves "Communists", leaving the title "Social Democracy" to those who had discredited it.

...

Lenin analysed the labor aristocracy itself, whom he called "the labor lieutenants of the capitalist class", as "the labor leaders and upper stratum" of workers in metropolitan countries, those

"bourgeoisifed workers ... who are quite philistine in their mode of life, in the size of their earnings, and in their entire outlook."3



These particular workers, he went on, form

"the principal prop of the Second International and the principal SOCIAL (not military) PROP OF THE BOURGEOISIE."3



{T}he economic base of Social Democracy is the labor aristocracy in industrialised countries. Even more specifically, it is those who, in one way or another, keep the Second International alive. Hence, organizations, ideology or individuals who serve such a group must be included in Social Democracy's armory.

Conversely, Social Democracy's main function must be to serve the interests of metropolitan labor aristocracies within the bounds of the capitalist system, a service clearly of primary value to the ruling class.

...

Labor aristocracy support for its own main class enemy has successfully put off revolution in industrialized areas – and elsewhere – many times. Far from being the result of individuals or misleaders, this has rather come about because the system itself, of which Social Democracy is an inseparable part, has evoked a new, inner but subordinate, contradiction inside the imperialist system. This is a temporary contradiction. Nevertheless, for the time being, the internal systemic main contradiction between the working class in metropolitan areas and their "own" ruling class has been obscured by this artificially-induced but no less real contradiction between the working class in imperialist nations and those who fundamentally are really their class brothers in the world's subjugated areas. This has occurred to the great cost of the "lower stratum" of the world proletariat ... and eventually, to that of the bribed, as well.

Social Democracy's aim is to make this situation "permanent".

...

In the foregoing context, it is now possible to examine specific features of Social Democracy:

1. Class collaboration. Obviously, as induced by Social Democracy, this occurs between the labor aristocracy and the imperialist bourgeoisie of the industrialised countries.

Is this all there is to it?

It is a fully-documented matter of record that Social Democracy is inseparable from the rise of Fascism. In various countries, the leading spokesmen of Social Democracy have either paved the path to power for Fascism, or have themselves taken part in Fascist governments. In either case, Social Democratic Parties have "when necessary" shot down "their own" workers.

For definitive purposes, it need only be noted here that Social Democracy, via its policy of class collaboration, is invariably connected with Fascism.

2. Reformism. Palmiro Togliatti, late head of the Italian Communist Party, used the terms "Social Democracy" and "reformism" interchangeably. For example:

"… the basis for the development of reformism in the ranks of the working class is to be found in the fact that the bourgeoisie ... is in a position to corrupt a section of the working class."



That "corrupt" or bribed "section of the working class" is, of course, the labor aristocracy. But is reformism confined to Social Democracy?

In capitalist countries like the U.S., aren't there out-and-out bourgeoisie parties which espouse reformism? What about the U.S. Democratic Party under Franklin Delano Roosevelt? Was it also "Social Democratic"?

First, such bourgeois parties of reform do not directly fulfill Lenin's qualification of "prop" for the Second International.

Second, and more important: bourgeois reform parties are based upon and run by a section of the bourgeoisie itself in its own class interests. This is so whether or not their platforms make promises to or "in the interests of" workers. In this case, gains for workers are by-products of activities and aims.

On the other hand, Social Democratic parties, whose memberships always consist mainly of workers, are operated by the labor aristocracy in the name of labor. In their case, support for the bourgeoisie is the (indispensable) by-product.

Reformism, therefore, is an element of Social Democracy, but not its totality.
To take it as its totality would blur the basic motive for its specific support for colonialism. Similarly, reformism is not the same as, but only one form of, class collaboration: another is the one where Social Democracy shoots down "its own" workers. In general, the latter type is more broadly expressed in aiding Fascism to power under some conditions and/or participating in Fascist rule.

3. The mass base. Must its ideology have a mass political base in order for the whole phenomenon to qualify as Social Democracy?

While the answer is negative, Social Democracy and its function cannot be understood until the TEST is applied whether a given situation produces a mass base for Social Democracy or not.

Applying that test will be shown to clear up a number of questions never before examined, yet of close relevance to the meaning and purpose of Social Democracy and its relationship to colonialism.

Furthermore, our analysis will bring out the following facts, which must be included in any definition of Social Democracy:

If there is NO mass base, one of TWO possibilities is indicated:

a) Confrontation: the given labor aristocracy is enjoying the benefits of a colonialism whose subjects are in its midst, in which case RACISM emerges openly, and Social Democracy ceases to be organisationally needed; or

b) Colonialism or Semi-Colonialism: the territory under consideration has, from having served as a source of super-profits, produced no labor aristocracy of its own, leaving no suitable soil in which to cultivate a LOCAL mass base for Social Democracy.

If there IS a mass base, it proves the existence of colonialism without confrontation. That is, the given labor aristocracy is enjoying the benefits of a colonialism NOT IN ITS MIDST.

So, the test of a mass base acts as a water-shed between those sectors of world labor for whom organized Social Democracy is necessary and those for whom it is either a frill (Racists) or a foreign export designed to serve alien interests (colonial or semi-colonial peoples).

The test of a mass base is inextricable from the definition of Social Democracy, despite the fact that a mass base is not, per se, a criterion for Social Democracy.

4. The mantle of Karl Marx. Mass parties of Social Democracy in industrialized countries arose in an ideological atmosphere where the name of Karl Marx as always invoked as the ultimate authority for policy. Yet today, most such parties have discarded this custom. In fact, the only avowed supports of the Second International still claiming to be Marxists live in colonial or semi-colonial areas.

Today, even references to socialism are not necessary to qualify an ideology or party as Social Democratic. What is needed is an alleged tie to labor; or, at least, some type of demagogy.

5. Is Social Democracy an ideology? Since the labor aristocracy of industrialized nations economically active "overseas" is its material base, Social Democracy requires a policy of class collaboration as a by-product of its alleged support for "labor's interests".

On this basis, any ideology, espoused by labor aristocracies and/or their spokesmen in labor's ranks, which claims to be specifically in labor's interests, and which requires for this purpose collaboration with "its own" (or any other) bourgeoisie, is a Social Democratic ideology. Since such an ideology coincides with that of the Second International, whether or not the espousing body or spokesmen formally acknowledge the tie, it is necessarily a reinforcement for that organization and therefore qualifies as its "prop".

The role and/or function of such an ideology would be assessed through the test of a mass base.

The content of the ideology is petty-bourgeois. The essence of the latter is vacillation and "tailism". Lenin put it the following ways:

"The proletariat fights for the revolutionary overthrow of the imperialist bourgeoisie; the petty bourgeoisie fights for the reformist "improvement' of imperialism, for adaption and SUBMISSION to it."

"The main thing the Socialists fail to understand and what constitutes ... captivity to bourgeois prejudices and their political treachery to the proletariat, is that in capitalist society, as soon as there is any serious intensification of the class struggle on which it is based, there cannot be any middle course between the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and the dictatorship of the proletariat. All dreams about some third course are merely the reactionary lamentations of the petty bourgeoisie."



Social Democracy, which (whether this is revealed sooner or later) is inseparable from the development of Fascism, is a political entity post-dating the First World War, with ideas indistinguishable from those of the Second International, being espoused by "labor leaders" and/or their spokesmen in labor's ranks, and claiming to be primarily "in labor's interests".



haven't read Sakai's essay on this yet, but the "test" discussed above seems to tie in to what I gather is his thesis

anyway, chapter 7 discusses what went wrong with earlier Marxist analysis of the labor aristocracy, and why their predictions that bribed workers would eventually turn away from class collaboration went afoul

(at the risk of giving away the ending, they should have paid more goddamn attention to Lenin)

If the correctness of any analysis is measured by the accuracy of the predictions to which it gives rise, then it must be noted that neither the Communist-forecast "decisive struggles" nor its "united front of the working class" materialised after all.

...

What material factors had Dimitroff and Dutt omitted from their analyses to cause such an outcome?

When establishing his criteria for judging Fascism, Dutt had simply ignored imperialist parasitism, although he had noted:

"The 'democratic freedom' of Western imperialism has been built on the foundation of colonial slavery."



As general conditions favouring the growth of Fascism, Dutt has listed:

"1) intensification of the economic crisis and of the class struggle;

"2) widespread disillusionment with parliamentarism;

"3) the existence of a wide petit-bourgeoisie, intermediate strata, slum proletariat, and sections of the workers under capitalist influence;

"4) the absence of an independent class-conscious leadership of the main body of the working class."



Dutt documented these "general conditions", and concluded that Fascism was the

"characteristic instrument of finance-capital which can be brought into play in the most highly-developed industrialised countries when the stage of crisis and of the class struggle requires it."



Just when was that?

Dutt had an answer:

"Its success or failure, as in every country, depends on the degree of the preparedness and militant resistance of the proletariat."



At this contention, history has thumbed its nose. For instance, what better indication of the "degree of preparedness and militant resistance of the proletariat" can there be than its closeness to revolution? Don't facts suggest that revolution in that epoch was almost at hand in Italy and Spain, and that it certainly was closer in Germany, vanquished, than in Britain, the U.S. or even France. If Dutt were correct, why did Fascism not attain power where the proletariat was least "ready?" Obviously, the upheavals of the day did not have the content the Marxists attributed to them. Or else those Marxists were overlooking something big.

...

Marxists had proven that imperialist war was fought for division or division of colonial spoils. In 1918, the defeated – Germany, Austria, etc. – had been deprived of their colonies. More: those colonies had been redistributed. At the stroke of a pen in Versailles, the vanquished had thus been cut off completely from their former "stream of super-profits", while the "Allies" (who were, of course, the "great democracies") were cut in on a new, additional source. Military victory against Germany had thus ensured imperialism's top dogs of a new lease on life.

Equally, military defeat had forced German imperialism and its associates either to find new outlets for their export capital or to turn inward against "their own" working classes. Hitler's cry for "lebensraum" accurately recorded that, for imperialism, "room" in which to "live" was synonymous with "room" into which even -more- monopolised capital could expand – and that for German capital, expansion was indistinguishable from life itself. Somebody was going to have to supply the economically-choking vanquished with necessary "air". During the great depression, with the First World War too recent to be revived as the usual solution, only one obvious and available outlet existed: "one's own" working class.

Countries like Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland and their like offer examples of what happens when, having reached the stage where capital export has become essential, a capitalist country has no foreign outlet for it. Germany, Austria and Spain demonstrate a corollary: what happens when a developing capitalist economy is deprived of such an outlet. In both cases, the ruling classed did, in fact, turn inward as their "solution".

Yet, oddly enough, while these examples were actually arising, Lenin's warning was scarcely dead on the historical air:

"unless the economic roots of this phenomenon (that is, overseas financial activities as the specific source of imperialist parasitism - H.W.E.) are understood and its political and social significance is appreciated, not a step toward the solution of the practical problems of the Communist movement and of the impending social revolution can be taken."3



This prophecy has been fulfilled. Uttered in 1921, it had already indicated that "success or failure" for imperialism depended on the growth of parasitism, expressed as ever-widening polls of man-power and resources to be super-exploited by metropolitan monopolies.

If, then, Fascism was a specific stage of imperialism, where else could its "success or failure" lie?

History supports the observation that Fascism has in fact been exercised by imperialism against Western peoples only if they are about to be forced into the role of a "source of super-profit", either to replace a lost, or to substitute for a never-achieved, colonial empire. As long as real colonies, territorial or economic, exist, imperialism is "safe". For these reasons, any conclusion in 1935 about "imminent Fascism" which did not document this crucial factor was bound to come to grief. International imperialism in the "democracies" still has room to maneuver, to "solve" its difficulties at the expense of peoples in colonial or neo-colonial areas.* The system's central pillar remains hat vast colonial labor reservoir, available for super-exploitation.

Fascism's "success or failure" inside Western "democracies" could simply not be accurately forecast in the way the Marxists of the '30s tried to do it.

...

Although Marxist analyses of Fascism had dealt with social Democracy, they did not, in the writer's opinion, fully analyse the connection between the two. They merely chronicled it, showing that wherever Fascism triumphed, Social Democracy paved the way for it. As "explanation", they contented themselves with repeating Lenin's 1916 formula that Social Democracy was "the principal bulwark of the bourgeoisie"; without applying his criteria to the conditions of their own day, they could offer no satisfactory explanation for the failure of their predictions and simply dropped the whole subject.

...

Social Democracy did not undergo any major change, either in its "position in the bourgeois state" or in its "attitude toward the bourgeoisie". Nor could it. Moreover, Lenin had already predicted as much. "It may be argued", he had said,

"that of the (leaders of Social Democracy), some will return to the revolutionary socialism of Marx. This is possible, but it is an insignificant difference in degree, if we take the question in its political, i.e., in its mass aspect. Certain individuals among the present social-chauvinist leaders may return to the proletariat: but the TREND can neither disappear nor 'return' to the revolutionary proletariat ...

"We have not the slightest grounds for thinking that these (Social Democratic) parties can disappear BEFORE the social revolution. On the contrary, the nearer the revolution approaches, the stronger it flares up ... the greater will be the role in the labour movement of the struggle between the revolutionary mass stream and the opportunist-philistine stream."4



Those who did not know of, or forgot, such words missed the destruction that, because of its ties with colonialism (implicit in its need for super-wages), social Democracy had to change tactics when a colonial empire seemed in danger. Its eye remained where Marxists should have kept theirs: on the state of imperialism's "stream of super-profits". Social Democracy admirably adapted its tactics to the varying levels of that stream: as long as that kept flowing in, super-wages were sure to follow.

So, although the labor aristocracy was, for the time being "thoroughly shaken by the crisis", it was far from "revising its views" about class collaboration itself. Actually, Dimitroff had said only that the labor aristocracy was

"revising its views about the expediency of the policy of class collaboration."



The operating word was "expediency". If imperialism is forced to withdraw its bribes, polite class collaboration becomes, indeed, no longer expedient; some new form is required. This was where Fascism came in. And it served its purpose.

In noting that the bourgeoisie could no longer afford democracy at home, and so had turned to "the terroristic form of its dictatorship". Dimitroff had been reporting fact. But this had little to do with what became of Social Democracy. For, both he and Dutt, the latter in irrefutable detail, had proved that this dictatorship generally did not deprive Social Democracy of its "position in the political system" or even of its legal status except in individual cases. Dutt had documented instance after instance where Social Democracy took part in that "terroristic form" of imperialism's dictatorship.

In this, once it is admitted that its aim is to ensure the continued flow of super-wages to the labor aristocracy, Social Democracy were mere logical. That flow must come from whatever source is available.

In the light of current events, it can only be concluded that Dimitroff must have been motivated by an understandable wish when he suggested that Western workers had learned from the defeat of their class brothers in places like Germany. He was generalising too soon from working class actions of his day when he added that USSR success was revolutionizing Western Workers. If anything, his diagnosis was carried out in reverse.

Within a very short historical period thereafter, led by the shining example of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in victorious, soon-economically-rampant America, a veritable cascade of glittering bribes again began flowing into American working class pockets with effects soon to mock Dimitroff's theses. Restive workers in the U.S. were given on an increasingly grand scale a substantial stake in the status quo. The gift, accompanied by odes of virtually unchallenged praise for a system which makes such things possible, successfully, if temporarily, obscured the fact that even the bribed labor aristocracy is exploited. Marxists like Dimitroff had seen the exploitation, but had grievously underestimated how big a stake in the status quo could be raised, as well as the primacy, enormity and soporific effect "at home" of super-exploitation abroad. They had failed to foresee what a large sector of the Western proletariat were eventually to be brought over, to serve alien class aims, thereby to keep alive a system which the Marxist analysts of the 30s claimed was on its last legs.

...

The halcyon days of the Western labor aristocracy had been but briefly interrupted. That that interruption was ended at the expense of renewed and deepened colonial slavery was, at the time – and even now – of little concern to comfortable Western workers.

But the price that was to be exacted from Marxism for its miscalculations in this area was to be high, indeed.

Edited by Constantignoble ()

#35
Landa is great because he understands fascism as the activation or intensification of features of liberalism:

He ends it with, "no workers' movement, no fascism" (that is, against the movement)--so the traditional bit about fascism as bourgeois reaction to threatening communism. that creates a problem for the extension of the concept to contemporary USA. But it's possible fascism should just be discarded as a concept to be used by historical materialists. I mean, the word is invented by fascists to market themselves. It's exactly because fascism is just an intensification of features that are present in all imperial, state-monopoly capitalism that a lot of formations, with diverse preconditions, can end up looking kind of like the same thing but not quite the same thing.

Edit: i dont know how to embed videos but it's good and definitely not a phishing link
edit by drwhat: fixed it for you

Edited by drwhat ()

#36
Is the USA in danger of losing its outlets for super-exploitation? It looks like fascism is rising here, with an administration being voted in that openly said they would like to do fascist things and with that administration's implied and sometimes explicit approval of fascist organizing. I know there is China's increased influence threatening to push the US further from its neocolonial holdings, and Russia also threatening to impede extraction of super-profits, so is that the reason we're seeing mass support for fascism?
Also, could domestically marginalized groups, particularly Black people and Chicanos, serve the same function in the USA? Those groups are victims of super-exploitation, and recently there has been a perceived threat to white supremacy coming from them. The messaging from the right, GOP conservatives and neo-nazis alike, has been largely about white supremacy being challenged and this being a bad thing, which has driven white people towards fascism. I don't think that a need for capital to expand abroad is necessarily required for fascism to rise, as long as domestic sources of super-profits exist and are being threatened.
#37
[account deactivated]
#38
pleased to announce that i've worked out what fascism is
#39
now you must unleash your great gifts upon trotskyism
#40

groundservices posted:

I think that's the right lne of questioning, colddays. A decline for white workers, real or imagined, the end of a unipolar phase of capitalism lead by a hyperpower, plus the social democratic model becoming unviable as a pressure release valve, in the context of internal colonization along both color/gender/national as well as geographic lines (the US south, especially south Louisiana, being an internal colony and really anything outside the major metrolpoles being a colony) as well as yet more labor competition on the global market even among skilled and specialized labor plus the influx of war/economic refugees intensifying competition for what jobs aren't yet automated is why relatively secure places like the US or France, who still have sources of super profits, become increasingly violent and draconian especially against internal colonies and refugees from nonwhite nations



I agree with this though it's important to note this is very different than the fundamental realignment of global imperialism that Hitler anticipated in the rise of the American economy. Inter-imperialist war was the only option for Germany to find a place in this new world order even if it didn't happen under fascism. The rise of China or whatever is pretty far from that. Perhaps this explains why the liberal bourgeoisie still has strong resistance to Trump's policies which have so far been pretty mild compared to the (overemphasized but still real) contradictions between the German bourgeoisie and the Nazis. Alternatively it could mean Trump is not actually fascist as the US is not a marginalized imperialist power. It's important to look at the mass base of fascism and the class form of fascist politics but it's also essential to remember the big picture and the fact that fascism is more than the aggregation of fascists but a form of capitalism itself in a certain situation. The only thing that's not important is to list the historical features of fascism, all that does is embarass the speaker when every feature can be found in the United States on every day of Obama's presidency.